One of Europe's true jewels, with its Golden Age canals bordered by slender gabled buildings and spanned by arched bridges, Amsterdam might be small, like the rest of the Netherlands, but it has an outsized reputation.
From exceptional art, architecture and innovative design to nightlife, you'll find it here. Amsterdam's condensed layout means even on a short trip, you can fit a lot in, hitting the city's top attractions as well as discovering under-the-radar surprises. Here are 15 of the best things to do in Amsterdam.
1. Cycle around Amsterdam
Cling-clanging bells and whirring spokes are part of the soundtrack of this city, where bicycles outnumber cars. Bike lanes criss-cross the city, where the terrain is forgivingly flat and rental outlets abound.
Beyond the built-up streets, fascinating places to explore range from the former ship-building yards of Amsterdam Noord to the rambling woodlands of Amsterdamse Bos and the pretty port of Muiden with its storybook medieval castle.
Keep in mind that there is an etiquette to follow when cycling around the city; in short, use the bike lane (not car lanes or footpaths), adhere to the rules of the road, signal when turning, and turn on your front and back lights at night.
2. Cruise the canals
Amsterdam is a city shaped by water. Its beautiful Unesco World Heritage-listed Canal Ring is best appreciated by boat any time, but at night its particularly beautiful when the canals' ripples reflect the city's twinkling lights.
You can navigate the waterways yourself (companies such as Boaty rent zero-emission electric canal boats) or hop on a sightseeing cruise. Non-touristy alternatives include learning first-hand about the city's history of migration aboard Rederij Lampedusa's former refugee boats, or helping keep the waters clean by "plastic fishing" from Plastic Whale's boats made from retrieved and recycled plastic waste.
Planning tip: If you prefer to enjoy the canals from land, grab a table at De Belhamel. Situated at the head of the Herengracht, this superb restaurant’s canal-side tables are perfect for canal-watching (summer only).
3. Visit the Anne Frank Huis
When Germany invaded the Netherlands in May 1940, it brought war to the city for the first time in almost four centuries, devastating its thriving Jewish community. It wasn't liberated until May 1945.
The war's impact is especially poignant at the Anne Frank Huis, where the young girl hid for over two years with her family and their friends in a dark, airless "Secret Annexe," recorded by Anne in her diary, until they were betrayed and sent to concentration camps. Only her father survived.
Detour: Amsterdam's occupation is also brought to life at the museum of the Dutch Resistance, the Verzetsmuseum.
4. Browse fine art around Museumplein
Amsterdam's top three museums are handily located around the green lawns of Museumplein. Best of them all is the Rijksmuseum. In a palatial 1885 building designed by Pierre Cuypers to hold national and royal collections, it showcases paintings by Dutch masters, including Rembrandt and Vermeer, blue-and-white Delftware porcelain and intricate dollhouses.
The world's largest collection of Vincent Van Gogh's works (The Yellow House and Sunflowers, among them) hangs at the neighboring Van Gogh Museum. Modern and contemporary creations by the likes of Mondrian and De Kooning are the focus of the bright, light-filled Stedelijk Museum.
Planning tip: The I Amsterdam City Card, a discount card that provides access to dozens of city attractions, covers two of the museums (the Van Gogh Museum is no longer part of the program). The Netherlands Museum Pass includes all three (as well as hundreds of museums across the country); buy one in person at the Rijksmuseum or the Stedelijk Museum.
5. Picnic in Vondelpark
Amsterdammers' favorite green escape is the Vondelpark, a lush oasis spanning 47 hectares (116 acres) of English-style gardens with fragrant roses, winding paths, ponds and sculptures. One of the best things to do in the city for free, it's an egalitarian space where everyone – kids, adults, couples, joggers, picnickers, locals and tourists – hangs out in the sunshine. Within the park, there are cafes as well as an open-air theater.
Planning tip: Situated near the trifecta of the Rijksmuseum, the Stedelijk Museum and the Van Gogh Museum, Vondelpark is the perfect spot to reflect on Dutch art and history.
6. Cozy up in a bruin café
No matter the weather, the best place to experience Dutch gezelligheid (conviviality, coziness) is in one of its bruin cafés (brown cafes). Dark timber and tobacco-stained walls give these traditional pubs their name.
Planning tip: With around a thousand across the city, you'll never be far from one, particularly in charming neighborhoods like the former workers' quarter, the Jordaan, where canalside gems with candle-topped tables include Café Papeneiland, Café Pieper and 't Smalle.
7. Revel in legendary nightlife
Awash with bars, concert venues and music-thumping clubs, Amsterdam's renowned nightlife extends far beyond De Wallen, aka the Red Light District (authorities are still looking at relocating the "erotic center" to purpose-built premises outside the city; there are also greater restrictions on "coffeeshops," ie, cannabis cafes).
Leidseplein, home to the famed Melkweg, is a major hub, as is nearby Rembrandtplein. Amsterdam's LGBTIQ+ scene is found throughout the city, with popular venues like Cafe Prik thumping dance tunes late into the night.
Detour: Hop on a free ferry to Noord, one of the city’s coolest, most up-and-coming neighborhoods and haven of ultra-hip watering holes. Be sure to check out Pllek and Café de Ceuvel.
8. Snack on local specialties from the street markets
Lively street markets like the Albert Cuypmarkt are lined with stalls selling delicious cheap eats like haring (herring; served chopped with diced onion on a bread roll), Vlaamse frites ("Flemish fries;" crispy, fluffy and typically smothered with mayonnaise), stroopwafels (cookie-like wafers sandwiched with caramel syrup) and poffertjes (mini pancakes), as well as Dutch cheeses such as Gouda and Edam. At bars, classic snacks include deep-fried kroketten (croquettes), including ball-shaped, meat-filled bitterballen.
9. Savor local brews at Brouwerij 't IJ
Nothing says "I'm in Amsterdam" more than sipping a tall, frothy beer under the sails of a windmill. Much-loved craft brewery Brouwerij 't IJ brews in former public baths adjacent to a traditional wooden spinner. Its leafy terrace is idyllic for a pint (try its signature Zatte Tripel). It's often possible to see the brewing in action on a behind-the-scenes tour.
10. Dine on Dutch cuisine
Thanks to prized produce from the country's fertile fields, abundant waters and passionate chefs, Dutch cuisine is having a renaissance. Discover reimagined traditional recipes (such as veal escalope accompanied by an elevated version of the mashed potato and vegetable dish stamppot, and served with melted duck liver and peach chutney) at Greetje.
Planning tip: For a fine-dining feast book in advance at D'Vijff Vlieghen or De Silveren Spiegel, both in exquisite 17th-century canal houses.
11. Try jenever at Wynand Fockink
The local firewater, jenever (Dutch gin), is made from juniper berries and served chilled. Amsterdam has some wonderfully atmospheric tasting houses to try smooth jonge (young) and pungent oude (old) varieties, such as 17th-century Wynand Fockink.
Cultural tip: Jenever typically arrives in a tulip-shaped shot glass filled to the brim – tradition dictates that you bend over the bar, with your hands behind your back, and take a deep sip.
12. Stop by a Dutch design shop
Bike carrier straps that function as shelving. Glow-in-the-dark door stoppers. Self-adhesive lamps to stick on the wall. These are just some of the witty, inventive, and above all, practical Dutch designs you'll find in Amsterdam, along with furniture, fashion and gadgets galore.
A great place to start browsing is Droog, with a garden, gallery space and restaurant where most of the tableware is also for sale. Other emporiums to check out include X Bank, set up as a showcase for local creators, and the Gathershop, which stocks its shelves with handmade and fair-trade gift items.
13. Swing above the city at A'DAM Tower
What's the craziest thing to do in Amsterdam? Swooping out over the city on a giant swing is right up there – literally. At the top of A'DAM Tower, a 1970s high-rise ex-office block, a six-seater swing sends you out over the building's edge, 100m (328ft) in the air, as your feet dangle below
You can also ride a virtual-reality roller coaster or take in the view from the tower's 360-degree observation deck, restaurants (one revolving) or rooftop bar.
14. Tour Amsterdam's contemporary architecture at ARCAM
At first glance, Amsterdam's cityscape seems scarcely changed from Golden Age paintings, yet tech-savvy, forward-thinking innovations include solar-paneled bike lanes, a sustainable "floating neighborhood" on arks, and, right in the Red Light District, the world's first 3D-printed stainless steel bridge.
Exhibitions on the 21st-century urban environment take place at the city's architecture center, ARCAM.
15. Celebrate at one of Amsterdam's festivals
Your visit to this festive city is likely to coincide with one of its many celebrations, whether food, drink, electronic dance music or classical concerts on barges moored on the canals. The most important date on Amsterdam's calendar is King's Day (Koningsdag; April 27), when people don outlandish orange-colored outfits and party in the streets.
